ClockTime

Avoid JavaScript's Date Class

Never use JavaScript's native Date class in Psychic applications. For time-only values without timezone, use Dream's ClockTime. JavaScript's Date always includes date and timezone, causing confusion. Dream's classes provide precise control over what you're representing.

// ❌ DON'T DO THIS
const badTime = new Date('1970-01-01T14:30:45')

// ✅ DO THIS INSTEAD
import { ClockTime } from '@rvoh/dream'
const goodTime = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30, second: 45 })
const formatted = goodTime.toLocaleString({ hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' })

Overview

ClockTime represents a time of day without timezone information. It's useful for:

• Business hours (e.g., "Open 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM")
• Schedules and recurring events (e.g., "Meeting every day at 2:30 PM")
• Time comparisons independent of date or timezone
• Representing Postgres TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE fields

Key characteristics:

• No timezone information (all timezone data is stripped)
• Microsecond precision (6 decimal places)
• No date component
• Suitable for abstract "time of day" concepts

Postgres Mapping

Database time without time zone columns are automatically converted to ClockTime objects when Dream models are loaded from the database.

Import

import { ClockTime } from '@rvoh/dream'

Creating ClockTime Instances

Current Time

// Current time (timezone info stripped)
ClockTime.now()

From Components

// From object
ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })
ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30, second: 45 })
ClockTime.fromObject({
  hour: 14,
  minute: 30,
  second: 45,
  millisecond: 123,
  microsecond: 456,
})

// With options
ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 }, { locale: 'fr-FR' })

From Strings

All parsing methods strip timezone information from the input string, preserving only the time values.

// From ISO 8601 time string (timezone ignored)
ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:45')
ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:45.123456')
ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:45-05:00') // stores 14:30:45, ignores -05:00
ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:45.123456+02:00') // stores 14:30:45.123456, ignores +02:00

// From SQL time string (timezone ignored)
ClockTime.fromSQL('14:30:45')
ClockTime.fromSQL('14:30:45.123456')
ClockTime.fromSQL('14:30:45+05:30') // stores 14:30:45, ignores +05:30

// From custom format
ClockTime.fromFormat('14:30:45', 'HH:mm:ss')
ClockTime.fromFormat('2:30 PM', 'h:mm a')
ClockTime.fromFormat('02:30:45', 'hh:mm:ss')

From DateTime

import { DateTime } from '@rvoh/dream'

const dt = DateTime.now()
ClockTime.fromDateTime(dt) // extracts time portion, strips timezone

From JavaScript Date

ClockTime.fromJSDate(new Date()) // extracts time, strips timezone

Formatting and Output

All output methods omit timezone offset by default.

ISO Format

const time = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30, second: 45, millisecond: 123, microsecond: 456 })

// ISO time without timezone offset
time.toISO() // '14:30:45.123456'
time.toISOTime() // '14:30:45.123456' (alias)

// With options
time.toISO({ suppressMilliseconds: true }) // '14:30:45' (if ms/µs are zero)
time.toISO({ suppressSeconds: true }) // '14:30' (if seconds are zero)
time.toISO({ format: 'basic' }) // '143045.123456' (compact)

SQL Format

const time = ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:45.123456')

// SQL time without timezone offset
time.toSQL() // '14:30:45.123456'
time.toSQLTime() // '14:30:45.123456' (alias)

Localized Format

const time = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })

// Default locale
time.toLocaleString() // '2:30 PM' (12-hour in US locale)

// Custom format options
time.toLocaleString({
  hour: '2-digit',
  minute: '2-digit',
}) // '02:30 PM'

time.toLocaleString({
  hour: '2-digit',
  minute: '2-digit',
  hour12: false,
}) // '14:30' (24-hour)

time.toLocaleString({
  hour: 'numeric',
  minute: '2-digit',
  second: '2-digit',
}) // '2:30:00 PM'

For Serialization

const time = ClockTime.now()

// JSON serialization (ISO format without timezone)
time.toJSON() // '14:30:45.123456'
JSON.stringify({ time }) // '{"time":"14:30:45.123456"}'

// String conversion
time.toString() // '14:30:45.123456'
String(time)

// valueOf
time.valueOf() // '14:30:45.123456'

Getters and Properties

const time = ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:45.123456')

time.hour // 14
time.minute // 30
time.second // 45
time.millisecond // 123
time.microsecond // 456

Conversions

const time = ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:45')

// To DateTime (with base date of 2000-01-01 in UTC)
const dt = time.toDateTime()

Math Operations

Adding and Subtracting

const time = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })

// Add duration
time.plus({ hours: 2 }) // 16:30:00
time.plus({ hours: 2, minutes: 15 }) // 16:45:00
time.plus({ minutes: 30 }) // 15:00:00
time.plus({ seconds: 45 }) // 14:30:45
time.plus({ milliseconds: 500, microseconds: 250 })

// Wraps around midnight
time.plus({ hours: 10 }) // 00:30:00 (next day, but date ignored)

// Subtract duration
time.minus({ hours: 2 }) // 12:30:00
time.minus({ minutes: 45 }) // 13:45:00

// Wraps around midnight
time.minus({ hours: 15 }) // 23:30:00 (previous day, but date ignored)

Setting Components

const time = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30, second: 45 })

// Set specific components
time.set({ hour: 9 }) // 09:30:45
time.set({ minute: 0 }) // 14:00:45
time.set({ hour: 16, minute: 45 }) // 16:45:45
time.set({ microsecond: 500 }) // 14:30:45.000500

Difference

The diff() method returns an object with the requested time units.

const t1 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 16, minute: 45 })
const t2 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })

// Single unit
t1.diff(t2, 'hours') // { hours: 2.25 }
t1.diff(t2, 'minutes') // { minutes: 135 }
t1.diff(t2, 'seconds') // { seconds: 8100 }

// Multiple units
t1.diff(t2, ['hours', 'minutes'])
// { hours: 2, minutes: 15 }

t1.diff(t2, ['hours', 'minutes', 'seconds'])
// { hours: 2, minutes: 15, seconds: 0 }

// With microsecond precision
const t3 = ClockTime.fromISO('16:45:30.123456')
const t4 = ClockTime.fromISO('14:30:15.100200')
t3.diff(t4, ['hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', 'milliseconds', 'microseconds'])
// { hours: 2, minutes: 15, seconds: 15, milliseconds: 23, microseconds: 256 }

// All units (default: hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds)
t1.diff(t2)
// { hours: 2, minutes: 15, seconds: 0, milliseconds: 0, microseconds: 0 }

Boundaries

const time = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30, second: 45 })

// Start of period
time.startOf('hour') // 14:00:00.000000
time.startOf('minute') // 14:30:00.000000
time.startOf('second') // 14:30:45.000000

// End of period
time.endOf('hour') // 14:59:59.999999
time.endOf('minute') // 14:30:59.999999
time.endOf('second') // 14:30:45.999999

Comparisons

Equality

const t1 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })
const t2 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })
const t3 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 31 })

t1.equals(t2) // true
t1.equals(t3) // false

Same Period

const t1 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30, second: 45 })
const t2 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 45, second: 30 })

t1.hasSame(t2, 'hour') // true
t1.hasSame(t2, 'minute') // false
t1.hasSame(t2, 'second') // false

Min and Max

const t1 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })
const t2 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 16, minute: 45 })
const t3 = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 9, minute: 15 })

ClockTime.min(t1, t2, t3) // t3 (09:15:00)
ClockTime.max(t1, t2, t3) // t2 (16:45:00)

Usage with Models

ClockTime instances are automatically created when loading time without time zone columns from the database:

import { Model } from '@rvoh/psychic'
import { ClockTime } from '@rvoh/dream'

class BusinessHours extends Model {
  id!: number
  dayOfWeek!: string
  openTime!: ClockTime // time without time zone
  closeTime!: ClockTime // time without time zone
}

// Load from database
const hours = await BusinessHours.findBy({ dayOfWeek: 'Monday' })

// All time fields are ClockTime instances
console.log(hours.openTime.toISO()) // '09:00:00.000000'
console.log(hours.closeTime.toISO()) // '17:00:00.000000'

// Check if currently open
const now = ClockTime.now()
const isOpen = now >= hours.openTime && now <= hours.closeTime

// Modify and save
hours.openTime = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 8, minute: 30 })
await hours.save()

Common Patterns

Time Ranges

const openTime = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 9, minute: 0 })
const closeTime = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 17, minute: 0 })
const now = ClockTime.now()

// Check if within range
const isOpen = now >= openTime && now <= closeTime

Duration Between Times

const start = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 9, minute: 0 })
const end = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 17, minute: 30 })

const duration = end.diff(start, ['hours', 'minutes'])
// { hours: 8, minutes: 30 }

const totalHours = end.diff(start, 'hours').hours
// 8.5

Recurring Events

// Store meeting time without timezone
const meetingTime = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 14, minute: 30 })

// Meeting happens at this time every day, regardless of timezone
// Each timezone interprets it in their local time

Business Hours Calculation

const businessStart = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 9, minute: 0 })
const businessEnd = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 17, minute: 0 })
const lunchStart = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 12, minute: 0 })
const lunchEnd = ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 13, minute: 0 })

// Total business hours
const totalHours = businessEnd.diff(businessStart, 'hours').hours // 8

// Working hours (excluding lunch)
const workingHours = totalHours - lunchEnd.diff(lunchStart, 'hours').hours // 7

Error Handling

ClockTime throws InvalidClockTime errors for invalid operations:

import { ClockTime, InvalidClockTime } from '@rvoh/dream'

try {
  const time = ClockTime.fromISO('25:00:00') // invalid hour
} catch (e) {
  if (e instanceof InvalidClockTime) {
    console.error(e.message)
  }
}

// Invalid time values
try {
  ClockTime.fromObject({ hour: 25, minute: 0 }) // hour out of range
} catch (e) {
  // InvalidClockTime
}

try {
  ClockTime.fromISO('invalid-time')
} catch (e) {
  // InvalidClockTime
}